Reduction of emissions can be achieved by collecting the carbon dioxide emitted from the various large point sources namely:

• Power Generation
• Cement Production
• Iron & Steel Production
• Oil Refining
• Hydrogen and ammonia production
• Natural gas purification
• Transportation and small-scale heat and power generation

Technological advances requirement in Carbon Emission Reduction (CER)

Carbon Emissions Reduction can be achieved by one of the following techniques: [more]

• Separation : Separation involves processes that allow the removal of caron dioxide gas from waste streams or from resources. Also known as carbon scrubbing, separation can be achieved by use of physical solvents, chemical solvents, adsorption, membranes, cryogenics, solid sorbents, and chemical looping combustion.

For more details & a summary of R&D areas that need to be pursued in these fields, CLICK [more].

'Cleaning' of coal and natural gas of mineral content is one area that can help to reduce emissions. [Clean Coal Technology illustration and details].

• Capture : Capture of carbon dioxide can be achieved by pre-process capture, post-process capture and process repalcement. For more details & a summary of R&D areas that need to be pursued in these fields, CLICK [more].
• Sequestration : Sequestration is the concentration of the carbon in some for or the other for example, in trees, in the soils, in bogs, in the sea-bed etc. For more details & a summary of R&D areas that need to be pursued in these fields, CLICK [more]
• Conversion to useful products

Creative ideas to deal with global warming

Some scientist now feel that many 'out of this world' ideas for addressing global warming must now be taken seriously. Some of these ideas include: use of metal-coated balloons, salt-spray aerosols, giant mirrors in orbit to reflect the sun's rays back into space and climate control.

[report from Boston Globe]

On a more serious note, addition of nutrients into the sea (Iron fertilisation) to promote algal growth, is another idea that is seriosly being considered.

[more details of The Geritol Project]

Some key areas in Engineering and Technology that can be applied to address Global Warming

Various fields in engineering and technology can be applied to address various aspects of the problem of global warming:

• Environmental Engineering: Process, design, green technology, poly, mangement.
• Chemical Engineering: Process, design, green technology.
• Mechanical Engineering: design, process, material engineering, nanotechnology.
• Electronics, Instrumentation and Control Engineering: Automation and Contro.l
• Electrical Engineering: linking to power grid.
• Marine and Offshore Engineering: Carbon sequestration in oceans, laying of natural gas pipelines.
• Chemistry: green chemistry, catalysis, material science.
• Biotechnology: Biomass energy, sequestration.
• Agriculture/ Forestry: Sequestration.
• Geology
• Climatology: study, forecasting.

[Resources]